Margaret free essay sample

Margaret was persuaded that moms visit pregnancies were causing her sudden passing. This conditions brings out In Margaret looking for better life and Interest In conception prevention. With the assistance of her more established sister In 1896 she went to Claverack College and entered the nursing program in White Plains Hospital. In 1902 she wedded to William Sanger and had 3 kids together, however one passed on at 5 years old. Over next 10 years she committed her life to being housewife and mother. In 1912 she returned back to fill in as visiting medical attendant in Manhattan. pset by the neediness experienced as a medical caretaker she get contacted with number of ladies who had experienced many bungled Illegal fetus removal or self-end their pregnancies and ainly on the grounds that one of her patient Sade Sachs passed on after self-instigated premature birth as they live in destitution and had effectively 3 kids, Margaret made a vow to give her life to making dependable prophyl actic data accessible to ladies. We will compose a custom paper test on Margaret or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page She started her crusade composing a section for New York Call entitled - What each young lady should know Stunned by the powerlessness of the most lady to acquire precise and successful data she begin testing the government laws Comstock law 1873, the law restricted the spreading of preventative Information. So In March 1914 Sanger distributed women's activist distribution called The Woman Rebel utilizing the trademark and conveyed a handout Family confinement ln this book she presented arranged parenthood, the path how to abstain from living in destitution in which elevated womans option to have a conception prevention. Her desire was to locate the ideal prophylactic to soothe the ghastly strain of rehashed and undesirable pregnancies. After distribution she got a great many letters from ladies requesting more Information about strategies for anti-conception medication. She gave them Information, so she violated the Comstock law as around then preventative data were seeing as revolting and indecent materials. As opposed to face of conceivable 5 years prison sentence, Sanger fled to England. There she inquired about other type of conception prevention. She isolated from her better half and after 2 years separated. Sanger came back to US in October 1915 when charges against her were dropped. In 1916 she opened first anti-conception medication facility In the USA. Be that as it may, after 9 days she, her sister and all staff were captured. They were charged for provldlng Information on contraception and fitting stomach (couldnt get them in USA so appropriating them from Europe, which was unlawful) to ladies. Sanger and her sister went through 30 days in Jail. Later engaging her conviction, she won. Court couldnt topple the most punctual decision yet permitted the specialists recommend contraception the female patient for clinical reasons. Around this time she distributed the principal issue of the anti-conception medication Review. In 1921 she established The 1923 she opened the main legitimate anti-conception medication facility in USA named as Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau, where she served and center in it when she left League. By the 1950s, interim she won numerous fights in court, one of them was, that specialists can unreservedly disseminate contraception and all materials can be imported to the nation. Additionally in 1927 she sorted out the primary World Population Conference in Geneva and she was the main leader of the International Planned Parenthood Federation established in 1953. Later on she took her battle to anti-conception medication to Asian nations, particularly India and Japan. After 40years of fghting to assist ladies with their richness, Sanger was disappointed with the restricted conception prevention alternatives ( which were in 1842 stomachs and in 1869 full length elastic condom ) there have been no new advances in prophylactic strategies. She advanced stomachs, yet realized it was still least mainstream on the grounds that was costly and cumbersome. However, Sanger in her seventies with an unexpected frailty despite everything longing for an enchantment pill for contraception since 1912. She looked for somebody to understand her vision of preventative pill as simple as take anti-inflamatory medicine. She needed something modest, protected and compelling. At last in 1951 she met Gregory Pincus a clinical master in human propagation who was happy to take on venture. Not long after she established support Katherine McCornick. So in 1960 was first oral prophylactic on the planet. That was Sangers long labor of love of bringing sheltered and viable contraception. After one major achievement came another 4 years after the fact when she itnessed the fixing Comstock law Margaret Sanger kicked the bucket on the sixth of September 1966 in Tuscon, Arizona realizing that she won her fight Across the country, there are numerous womens wellbeing facilities that convey her name Surrogacy is a plan wherein a lady conveys and conveys a kid for another couple or individual. Surrogacy is still somewhat dubious adjoin in opposite side it is one more choice how to have a youngster. The historical backdrop of substitute parenthood goes to scriptural occasions, a few people say goes to Sarah and Abraham, yet American Indians were the initial ones truly start with proxy moms history. So we are thinking back to 1899 in this piece of world.

Hereford Plays series Essay Example for Free

Hereford Plays arrangement Essay After the mind boggling occasions of the scene previously, Marco hops in to attempt to recapture his siblings nobility. This is his family and he can't let Rodolpho be disfavored like that or be harmed; regardless of whether it was only a falter or not, Eddie was faulty and Marco wont permit it. As Catherine and Rodolpho move, Marco talks about a neighborly test: Marco takes a seat and places it before Eddie. Eddie needs to lift the seat as far up as he can with one hand holding it by the base of one leg. As Eddie bows and handles the leg he lifts it by an inch while when Marco attempts it he lifts it right over his head. This basic activity clearly had an intention behind it: to caution Eddie to lay off his sibling however Eddie deliberately realizes that he wont surrender that without any problem. Marco has indicated that Eddie may think hes all the more a man than Rodolpho however Marco is to a greater extent a man than Eddie; this occasion has commonly disgraced Eddie in his home, which is something this character feels emphatically about as the leader of the family. The scene needs a feeling of oppositon and rivalry. So as to underscore what is to be a genuine trial of solidarity, the spectators (Rodolpho, Catherine and Beatrice) need to have total mindfulness and backing of Marcos triumph. In this scene you need to outwardly analyze the disappointment of Eddie in contrast with the triumph of Marco. While Marco is lifting the seat he is battling and the pressure in his neck, face, arms and particularly his outward appearance is expected to depict triumph of lifting the seat as well as the triumph of putting Eddie to disgrace and increasing some regard for his sibling. This scene is a defining moment in the story on the grounds that Eddie presently realizes that in the event that he needs Rodolpho out of his life hellfire may need to take significantly progressively extraordinary measures and the fight has abandoned putting Catherine off of Rodolpho as well as to get these workers out of his home. Its significant for its visual effect on the crowd since its emotional activities of a battle for quality and self-respect turns the entire speculation of the story from a cheerful family get-together into a potential wrongdoing against his (Eddies) family and the Sicilian people group (as cited from summation/pri cis of the book). Its likewise significant on the grounds that it shows Marcos defended cleverness; supported in light of the fact that he has disrespected Eddie yet just in reprisal to Eddie exploiting Rodolpho. When Marco said Here and began to lift the seat it is the start of Eddies gradually expanding disgrace and disfavor. The party ought to optimistically be a grinned articulation (from Marco) as though to suggest to Eddie that nobody plays with his sibling or, more than likely theyll answer to him. As executive I would give the accompanying directions: Catherine: youre making the most of your hit the dance floor with Rodolpho and you are nai ve regarding what may be going on with Eddie and Marco so keep unsuspecting and treat the circumstance as if its a tad of fun between them. Beatrice: you have understood that Eddie feels discomforted at the powerless position that he has been placed in; anyway you accepted that he merited it and you are simply trusting that Eddie has taken in his exercise and won't meddle once more. Act steady at his misery however dont wreck is ride by discussing it to an extreme (as your character would normally do) Eddie: you need to acknowledge Marcos offer strikingly and certainly as Catherine may be viewing and you dont need to withdraw now. Your outward appearance needs to show subdued fury at Marco; pound your teeth and be quiet to keep your pride, you need every other person in the space to feel that what has happened doesnt mean or demonstrate anything so jump on just as it didnt occur despite the fact that youre still a lot of mindful of the harm that Marco has done Marco: you are pleased with what you have achieved however youre not going to seem as though a hotshot; on the off chance that you win smoothly it will add to Eddies disgrace which is something you need to do. Your outward appearance should state Im triumphant and taking it taking everything into account, Eddie thinks about his family and the obligations that accompany it. He was exacting in the childhood of Catherine and had the most extreme regard for his better half. Despite the fact that he made a numb-skull of himself and kicked the bucket only for his name (his poise) we should remember he had a solid and insubordinate will or see that was his own and that he battled to maintain, for example, his crude keeps an eye on see that there must be a law that shields Catherine from wedding Rodolpho on the grounds that he is as far as anyone knows a gay. The main concern is Eddie ought to have agreed to half significance he brought Catherine up and now the time had come to release her. So at long last, Eddie kicks the bucket to keep his pride and his name however doesnt even addition the crowds profound respect since his activities were superfluous. As cited by E. R. Wood, who composed the presentation in the Hereford Plays arrangement (1975) distribution of A View From The Bridge, To be a shocking saint, you don't need to be morally justified; you must be consistent with yourself. So Eddie was liable of crushing the lives of these migrants and the main respectable way out was to kick the bucket.

Special Population Research Paper - 1925 Words

Special Population (Research Paper Sample) Content: Special PopulationNameInstitution People with AIDS a Special PopulationIntroductionWhat is a special or vulnerable population? Many people will ask. They are those people with moderated sovereignty also those people having compromised capabilities to give knowledgeable sanctions. When the term special population comes in mind, I can only think of the physically challenged, socio-economically disadvantaged, children, elderly, mentally disabled, homeless, and the people with AIDS among others. Assessments that have been carried out in the recent past of patients shows clues that designates these groups to be vulnerable populations. Different community settings in various regions have diverse type of populations like the middle-aged, single families, and retirees. Still in these communities there are the vulnerable population integrated throughout (Nyamathi Koniak, 2007). The discussion will focus on people with AIDS, as a vulnerable population in the society. In this c ase, it will discuss this group in details, their description, and their social and health problems. It will also focus on a program that will enable this group have a better stay in the society, also focusing on the ethical and legal implications and present strategies developed to diminish the cycle of vulnerability in the society.People Living with AIDS The welfare of the people with AIDS may it be adolescents, elderly and young adults mainly depends on trail of personal developments, economic and social experiences of the society and stressors that may be distinct to the diverse age groups or to communities at different times. Several vulnerable groups in the society fall prey into abuses by the rest of the people may it be physical, sexual, mental, social stigma, and financial, and they can still happen to people with AIDS. They can be susceptible to influences that are devastating to their well fare. There are more reported cases each year of abuse of this population and more that often occurs and not reported. This is evident from the reports produced each year by the health care sector in several countries (Nyamathi Koniak, 2007).Awareness of the abuses of people with AIDS is essential since this group comprise of the fastest growing population in America among others. Most of the people with AIDS abuses occur within cultural, economic, racial, and ethnic groups regardless of the religion and socioeconomic status. The abuse of the group goes back a long way to the ancient times when they regarded people with AIDS as outcasts and discarded after contracting with HIV (Aday, 2001). Reports published in the year 1970 showed that the abuse of people with AIDS was much more than first believed, this resulted to the People Living with HIV/AIDS Act enacted, and this formed the basis for potential federal programs that protected people with AIDS populations. In the year 1982, the government of California also passed a legislation that required the health care to offer better and affordable services to people with AIDS population (Aday, 2001).People with AIDS population have risk factors that come with age and other factors, on the other hand, they can affect a persons health like; increased incidence of diseases, decreased mobility, financial decline, nutritional needs, social isolation and a host of AIDS related illness and changes that affect this vulnerable population. According to Nyamathi Koniak (2007), this population has had major emotional losses such as of a home, spouse, and other changes that affect their past lives and the views of their own self. This population is likely to suffer from discrimination, social isolation, abuse, and diseases if there are no people to support them such as healthcare facilities, friends, institution for the people with AIDS, relatives among others. Nevertheless, there is lack of resources that help them deal or manage these issues; these risk factors can have an effect on ones quality of life w hile they can manage or prevent these risks with enough resources at their disposal. The key issue is to provide optimum care to the vulnerable population by recognizing the main risk factors and tailoring healthcare and quality education towards people with AIDS patients (Aday, 2001).Therefore, it is essential to recognize these risks and concentrate on them while also acknowledging biases. Research done recently identified different risks and challenges that this vulnerable population face and the important solutions always identified are the significance of offering better healthcare, resources, and education for this population (Nyamathi Koniak, 2007). It is obvious that ones quality of life is a complicated idea solely not based on the number of years some has lived. The treatment the health facilities offer to the other citizens should be equal to the services offered to people with AIDS.Recommendations are that provision of the best education be available by the healthcare p roviders to the people with AIDS population, at the same time as they also identify resources that can help the patients when they are out of the healthcare facilities continue to gain support by the health sector in America. This will help this population in curbing the barriers they face such as financial challenges and discrimination as they feel part of the society. This notion and practice need advocacy to all healthcare providers also quality and appropriate care to the people with AIDS and this will result to overall health to the people with AIDS population thus living a healthy and gratifying life.The proposed program for people with AIDsThis section will provide the continuum of care level of the proposed program. In this case, it will entail of the preventive, treatment and the long-term strategies in the program. It will also comprise of the delivery modes of the health services recommended in the program.United States has a small number of countries that are industriali zed that do not have a general healthcare system. People can obtain Health insurance in many ways; through employers and others purchase it individually. The United States bureau reports that 60.4% of the population is covered by employment-based insurance, 26.6% purchase insurance individually and the rest have no health insurance (Lindsay, Reddy, 2002).The program that I would suggest for the vulnerable population of people with AIDS is health insurance that the government covers. This will help the financially disabled to access health facilities easily since the health insurance will cover for their medical costs and access to ARVs. Though the government has invested largely in the healthcare sector, it has not gone to an extent of providing insurance covers to the people with AIDS who cannot afford the services. The government should transfer funds to cover this program for individuals not covered to purchase health insurance. There are changes that have occurred in the health sector and what conditions them is the change of attitude to healthcare providers to people with AIDS population. Recommendations are that the private sector to include healthcare insurance in the social package that they offer to their employees. This will help them cover their health services financially once they want access to health facilities for their drugs. American government should implement this program in companies that withdraw the health insurance cover once they discover a person has contracted the virus. These changes can gradually result to improvement of health for people with AIDS population since they have reduced the employment-based plan of funding (Nyamathi Koniak, 2007).The largest percentage of general taxes funds most government programs like the state funded Medicaid and the federal government on the other hand funds the Medicare health insurance (Katz, Mezey Kapp, 2004). These programs ensure that health professionals provide citizens with the best heal thcare units. The proposed program also covers the compulsory healthcare insurance. Most of the European countries have implemented the this program and executing it in America that has a well established network of private health insurance, will enable better and long-term services to people with AIDS by choosing suitable insurance plan that will cover their illness. At the time, European countries implemented the program; voluntary health insurance met a lot of rejection from the American physicians, who claimed that it would ruin their incomes (Association of Nurses in AIDS Care American Nurses' Association, 2007).According to the American Medical Association, nationalizing the healthcare system would cater for a large number of people with AIDS population once the government implements the program (Lindsay, Reddy, 2002). Medicare has become the first program that covers people with AIDS, but has had limited resources to cover these population but once the government nationalize s the program, investments will be injected to the sector to cover the increasing rate of health care receivers. Though constructing the system with a sole payer will require much effort and time, it will be beneficial in the end to this vulnerable population in the country. The government should set laws and policies that restrict the private sector, which control the largest healthcare system, from making fierce treatment to their patients once the government implements the system. This is because this program will result to them loosing income but in turn, it will provide the required medical help to all citizens including people with AIDS population in the country (Katz, Mezey Kapp, 2004).Multidisciplinary approach Through this improvement of health insurance covers, there can be improvement of quality of care to people with AIDS and their mortality. Multidisciplinary is where se...

On The Roof Of The World By Sir Charles G. D. Roberts

1) I believe that there are many ways that the author has chosen to set-up a man and animal as competitors in the story â€Å"On The Roof Of The World† by Sir Charles G. D. Roberts. One of the reasons that the author has set up a man and an animal as competitors is that unlike normal circumstances where mankind is on top of the food chain, higher that every other living thing known. In this short story, the man and the polar bear are on approximately the same level of the food chain. As the bear is equipped with claws, the man evens himself out with the spear he had fashioned himself. The author seems write this to portray his question of, is humankind more superior to other living species when having to live in almost the exact same conditions in which the animals live in? Another way it thinks that the author has set-up a man and an animal as competitors is to show how similar things a human would do like an animal if put in such a situation such as high winds, predators, and a constant danger of frostbite, a human would only care about three things, food, shelter and water like an animal. With the only source of food, a human would resort to savage ways so si milar to the ways of a polar bear as the story states, â€Å"without an instant s hesitation the man hurled his spear† (p. 164) and when â€Å"with a growl of rage, the bear tore it loose and charged upon the man† (p. 164). This shows that when a human is exposed to this type of environment, they would kill for food withoutShow MoreRelatedHumanities11870 Words   |  48 Pagesevolved from ideas based on previous developments in art. 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He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and the architect of and the world’s foremost authority on disruptive innovation. â€Å"BusinessesRead MoreAuditing Cases22626 Words   |  91 Pagessome companies owned pipelines but did not produce their own gas. These companies often entered into Enron 2000 annual report, p. 7. Joseph F. Berardino, remarks to U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Financial Services, December 12, 2001. Bala G. Dharan and William It Bufkins, â€Å"Red Flags in Enron’s Reporting of Revenues and Key Financial Measures,† March 2003, prepublication draft (~.ruf.rice.edu/—bala/files/dharan-bufkins_ enronjed_flagsS4l 003.pdfl, p. 4. 1 2 177 178 Section Six ComprehensiveRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesNorman Swartz, Simon Fraser University v Acknowledgments For the 1993 edition: The following friends and colleagues deserve thanks for their help and encouragement with this project: Clifford Anderson, Hellan Roth Dowden, Louise Dowden, Robert Foreman, Richard Gould, Kenneth King, Marjorie Lee, Elizabeth Perry, Heidi Wackerli, Perry Weddle, Tiffany Whetstone, and the following reviewers: David Adams, California State Polytechnic University; Stanley Baronett, Jr., University of Nevada-LasRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesAn International Project Manager s Day (A) 172 An International Project Manager s Day (B) (see handout provided by instructor) An International Project Manager s Day (C) (see handout provided by instructor) An International Project Manager s Day (D) (see handout provided by instructor) Ellen Moore (A): Living and Working in Korea 177 Ji nan Broadcasting Corporation 196 4 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES 205 Quasar Communications, Inc. 207 Jones and Shephard AccountantsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesaddition to the informal feedback that we have received from colleagues around the world, we would especially like to thank the following people who have formally reviewed material and provided valuable feedback, vital to the revision of this and previous editions: Richard Allan, University of Tennessee– Chattanooga Forrest F. Aven, University of Houston Lloyd Baird, Boston University Bud Baker, Wright State University John D. Bigelow, Boise State University Ralph R. Braithwaite, University of HartfordRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesFeigenbaum−Feigenbaum: The Power of Management Capitol 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy Text  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 3 the strong business growth of pacesetter companies in the United States and throughout the world? How can companies renew and sustain those factors in the face of the business slowdowns and major fluctuations that challenge the longterm continuation of profitable earnings? As we continue to experience the twenty-first century’s economic, social

Concepts of Print Essay - 591 Words

Each of the children did very well with identifying concepts of a book the first child that we will look at is 6 years old. She goes to kindergarten all day and has grown up with many books around. She was able to hold the book right side up for me, show me the front cover, and show me the back cover. She was also able to show me the title page of the book. Lastly she was able to show me the first page of the text. Although she did do a good job of pointing out some main parts of the book she did struggle with a couple others. She wasn’t able to turn some of the pages of the books she would skip three or four at a time. She also had a hard time pointing to the title of the book if it was not in the top of the cover. Lastly the child could†¦show more content†¦The child knew how to turn the pages, show me the title of the book, and show me the title page of the book. The child struggled in holding the book right side up, showing me the front cover, and the back cover, and finding the first page of text. The child was not able to tell me what the author or the illustrator did. With the conventions of print the child was able to tell me where it tells the story at, where we start to read. Lastly the he could tell me that we read from left to right and top to bottom. The child struggled with the return sweep when reading. The child excelled in showing me the spaces between words, and pointing out letters to me. The child struggled in one on one reading, and finding word boundaries around a word. The child also had problems with finding the first word on the page, and the last word on the page, and with counting the words and letters for me. The child was not able to show me the difference between a capital and lowercase letter. The child was able to identify the letters on a page, some of the specific letters that I pointed to, and also was able to identity some of the letters in his name. The child was also able to name some of the letters on a pa ge, some of the specific letters, and some of the letters in his name. He was able toShow MoreRelatedAssessment And Intervention Of Print Knowledge1705 Words   |  7 PagesIntervention of Print Knowledge to Students with Severe Disabilities Breannah Davis-Bloom Radford University â€Æ' Introduction Emergent literacy development is a foundational principle commonly acquired prior to inclusion into a formal educational setting. Literacy development is a uniquely dynamic concept, consciously and unconsciously embedded in the everyday lives of children. As a result of diversity in family dynamics, literacy levels can be varied and sometimes non-existent. Print knowledge is anRead MoreSubliminal Perception Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough it was not clear to me at first, the word â€Å"Sex† became very noticeable to me. I believe that it is a long shot, that this may just be a coincidence. Beginning with the capital S, and going horizontal, lays the subconscious word. This print advertisement came from Maxim Magazine, and there is an abundance of previous information linking Maxim and Harley Davidson to Subliminal advertising. Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning in everydayRead MoreEvaluation Of A Student s Phonic Skills Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesinstruction on affricates. Concepts of Print Assessment Description of Assessment The Concepts of Prints assessment allows the teacher to evaluate the student’s basic knowledge of books. In order to administer the test, the student is given a book and asked several questions about the parts of a book. The student must identify the front of the book, where to begin reading, what direction to read, and where the first and last part of the book are located. Also the Concept of Print assessment shows if theRead MoreTablets vs. Textbooks1698 Words   |  7 Pageshomework with tablets. As tablets have become more prevalent, a new debate has formed over whether schools should replace print textbooks by tablets. In fact, many schools and states have begun transitioning from the paper textbooks to digital learning environments, â€Å"California launched a free digital textbooks initiative in 2009, and West Virginia replaced social studies print textbook purchases with digital textbooks† (FCC). However, there are some people who disagree with the idea of usin g tabletsRead MoreThe Process Of Learning For Read Can Be Difficult For Young Children1096 Words   |  5 Pagesresponsibility and independence in using these strategies for reading. Teachers must understand the importance of oral language, vocabulary, concepts of print, phonemic awareness, phonics and comprehension within the reading process to ensure that children are well equipped with these elements prior to learning to read. Knowledge and understanding of these concepts give teachers the skills to teach children to read. One of the most language-rich experiences young children have is through play. WhenRead MoreSummary Of Oh, For Craft s Sake !1056 Words   |  5 Pagesdid not exist, where each text had no white space, no syntax or meaning, no emotional connection to the reader--just random words. This project will put forth every effort to show the value of making tangible text from the conversion of imaginative concepts onto paper by the craft of a writer to make use of the written word. Ask any writer, agent or publisher, and they will most likely say the goal of writing is publication. That goal—writing for profit--is certainly a good and reasonable one. 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Obesity and Gastrointestinal Disorders

Question: Discuss about the Obesity and Gastrointestinal Disorders. Answer: Introduction Obesity is a chronic disease gaining attention as a major health concern in different countries across the globe. Its association with gastrointestinal health has been under research in the contemporary era since it has major implications for health care and nursing practice (Ng et al., 2014). Several reports have indicated an increased prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases in obese individuals in studies conducted in different communities. Gastroenterologists and nurses have an important role in recognising the increased rate of obesity and the causal relationship it holds with multiple gastrointestinal conditions for adequately managing obesity-related gastrointestinal complications. An awareness of all associations and complications of obesity in relation to gastrointestinal conditions is crucial for providing comprehensive care by the nursing profession (Johnson,2010). The present paper highlights the relation between obesity and gastrointestinal health with a focus on nursing implications for the condition. The paper discusses the factors surrounding gastrointestinal health that are to be considered in the nursing assessment for obesity, and gastrointestinal and dietary considerations that the nurse addresses in providing education to a patient with obesity. It also critically analyses the manner in which gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology is affected by obesity and throws light on the most significant diagnostics and pharmacological treatment for obesity and the role of the nurse in providing these. Factors surrounding gastrointestinal health that will need to be considered in the nursing assessment for obesity Obesity is a multifactoral, complex condition in which individuals are put at an increased risk of health complications due to excess amount of body fat. Excess fat may be due to an imbalance of energy expenditure and energy intake. For proper treatment and management of obesity, it is essential that an efficient assessment of the individual is carried out for indicating obesity. Apart from the nutritional assessment of the patient encompassing biochemical assessment and clinical examinations, one must consider an assessment of gastrointestinal health for assessment for obesity. A nurse is to carry out a complete examination of past and current gastrointestinal (GI) information through health history and physical assessment. Questions are to be asked regarding symptoms like indigestion, gas, pain, vomiting, nausea, constipation and diarrhoea. In addition, the patient also needs to be asked about bowel habits, previous GI diseases and occurrence of jaundice. Physical assessment needs to include auscultation, inspection, palpation and percussion of the abdomen. The abdomen is to be inspected for nodules, bruises and wounds along with lesions, scarring, inflammation and discoloration. Distention and bulging are to be noted (Hurt et al., 2010). A thorough gastrointestinal health assessment is crucial for assessing patients for obesity. An abdominal pain assessment needs to be carried out, and patients are to be asked specific questions regarding pain occurring before or after meals or at the time of eating. Questions also are to involve heartburn and issues like sore mouth, throat or tongue. Changes in appetite, the presence of nausea and food intolerance are to be noted effectively. The patients are also to be questioned regarding their use of antacids and laxatives. In addition, amount, frequency and colour of stool are also to be noted. The previous history of GI diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and cholecystitis are to be assessed (Ashburn Reed, 2010). According to Huseini et al., (2014) evaluation of the GI tract for assessment of obesity yields valuable information that has major implications for planned treatment. Assessment is to include upper endoscopy, testing for H pylori and evaluation of the gall bladder and liver disorders. A nurse specialised in gastroenterological assessment would contribute to the proper evaluation of the patient. Testing for H pylori is necessary as infection from the bacteria has been reported in almost 40% cases of obesity. Noninvasive urease test with positive result indicates abnormal endoscopy. Liver histology when done in obese patients usually reveals major abnormalities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver diseases are therefore to be assessed in patients with the help of imaging tests like ultrasonography and blood tests. Obesity is highly associated with gallstones that ultrasonography. It is vital to make sure that suitable indications exist regarding performing endoscopy in pat ients suffering from obesity. Obese individuals have increased chances of having upper gastrointestinal symptoms as well as gastritis and hiatal hernias. It has also been established that obese patients are at more risk of underlying gasterointestinal pathology. Thus, there can be changes in the threshold for carrying out endoscopy in patients though there may be increased risk related with the procedure. Dietary and gastrointestinal considerations the nurse need to address in providing education to the individual with obesity Nursing interventions for patients with obesity include patient education is an important element. Patient education for obesity needs to include components of a healthy diet, principles of proper weight management and the negative impacts of binging, purging and fasting. Nurses are to provide nutritional recommendations to the patients so that they are able to achieve positive health outcomes. The usefulness of diet and required modifications of any kind are also to be explained to the patient (Mushref Srinivasan, 2012). Johnson (2010) outlines the considerations that nurses need to address while educating an obese patient. Patients are to be educated to include in their diet sufficient amount of vegetables and fruits on a regular basis. An excessive amount of fat and sugar are to be avoided at all costs. Healthy food choices made at home are to be encouraged, and fast food is to be discouraged. It is important for the patient to know about the different types of fat and their role in a healthy diet. Patients must consider consuming mono, and poly-unsaturated fats as these help in lowering the blood cholesterol levels. Cholesterol free and saturated fat-free food options are to be encouraged. Sodium content in food increases blood pressure and are to be consumed in low amount. A balanced diet with rice, wheat, potato and barley products would be beneficial. Other ingredients that are to be consumed would include beans, legumes, fresh lean meat, fish, tofu and egg whites, olive oil, sunflower oil and nuts. Milk and dietary product must also be considered in the diet. Nurses may also motivate patients to eat daily meals together with the family as this has a positive implication for eating habits. Being mindful of the portion size of food choices is also crucial, and the patient is to be educated regarding this. Patients are to be educated regarding the need of physical exercises in this context. Educating patients about the importanceof healthier food choices can be often time-consuming and frustrating for nurses. It is expected that nurses demonstrate patience and sympathy while educating patients on this matter. Since a nurse is on the front line of handling patient problems due to overweight, it is pivotal that nurses educate patients about the tremendously damaging impact of obesity. Educating the patient about the gastrointestinal complications arising due to obesity, like diarrhoea, bloating, nausea and vomiting would help in bringing behavioural changes in the patient. Su fficient information is to be provided to the patients about the secondary health complications that arise due to obesity so that they are aware of the potential complications they can face in due course. Nurses are to face the problem head-on and not turn a blind eye to the challenges faced by the patients. Critical analysis of the manner in which gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology is affected by obesity The effect of obesity on the gastrointestinal physiology and anatomy and the succeeding requirement for gastrointestinal procedures warrants critical consideration. The relationship between obesity and gastrointestinal disorders is predominantly strong to raise the chances that there is a mechanical connection between the two. Examination of how obesity leads to changes in physiology and anatomy of the gastrointestinal (GI) system or vice versa is undertaken the time and again (Rajindrajith et al., 2014). Data has revealed that obesity is linked with diarrhoea and a number of explanations come up to describe the relationship. It has been hypothesised that patients suffering from obesity consume an excessive amount of sugars that are poorly absorbed by the human body that is a main cause of osmotic diarrhoea. Particularly, patients with obesity consume more amounts of fructose that the permissible limit. The findings can explain a section of the link between obesity and changes in the gastrointestinal system. The studies already conducted have not considered control of specific dietary variables, laying provisions for judging whether the established relationship holds chances of being muted or eliminated. It is further possible that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) confound the relationship between gastrointestinal diseases and obesity. Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have increased chances of receiving PPI treatment in comparison to patients not having GERD. PPI ther apy promotes the different forms of bacterial overgrowth as a result of the elimination of gastric acid that promotes abdominal pain, constipation, bloating and symptoms related to dyspepsia. Moreover, PPI therapy alters duodenal, gastric, and intestinal bacterial profiles (Phatak et al., 2016). Acosta and Camilleri (2014) highlight that a proposed mechanism that explains the imbalance of gastrointestinal system in association with obesity is binge eating. Binge eating can be witnessed in patients suffering from obesity, and this leads to an alteration in the gastrointestinal system as patients eat to an extent causing abdominal discomfort. Researchers have surveyed obese patients and their eating behaviours and the GI symptoms they have. It has been found that excess eating due to binge eating results in an increased calorie intake, leading to dealy in gastric emptying. Delay in gastric emptying is a significant physiological event, and patients suffer from vomiting and nausea. Alemn et al., (2014) studied the impact of fat gained due to obesity and gastric motility. The researchers found that diet with high-fat content, as marked by obesity, induces changes in the sensitivity to hormones like leptin and ghrelin instead of changes in the rate of secretion. High-fat diet als o changes postprandial levels of Peptide YY (PYY) hormone and secretion rate of Cholecystokinin (CCK) hormone. Donohoe et al., (2014) argue that though a number of studies have documented changes in gastric physiology and anatomy in obese patients, the results have inconsistency between them. The cause of such inconsistency may be the variation in tools used for the measurement of the agreed parameters. On an interesting note, many studies have indicated that patients with obesity have increased gastric emptying of solids as compared to those who are not obese. On the contrast, other studies are known to have indicated no major changes in gastric emptying in patients with changing BMI. In summation, studies have generated number of importat questions than significant answers in relation to the link between obesity and changes in the gastrointestinal system. Most significant diagnostics and pharmacological treatments for obesity and the Nurses role within providing these Obesity can be effectively diagnosed through a number of diagnostic tests that reviews the health condition of the patient through physical examinations. The most effective tool for diagnosing obesity is the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI) for the patient. BMI is calculated by height and waist measurements. It is a method of quantifying the amount of tissue mass in the individual and then categorising the individual as normal weight, underweight or obese. A person with high BMI is referred to as being overweight. The second most effective method for assessing obesity is measuring the waist circumference. Blood tests for diagnosing obesity may include liver function tests, cholesterol tests, fasting tests and thyroid tests amongst others. An overall physical examination would include measurement of vital signs like body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate (Bray Bouchard, 2014). Apart from behaviour modification, exercise and dietary changes, pharmacological interventions are crucial for managing obesity. Drug therapy acts as an adjunct for the treatment of obese patients. Until in recent times, pharmacological treatments for obesity have had limited application as there are concerns related to safety and efficacy. Long term administration of the drugs is required since the patients have a tendency to regain weight after the drugs are stopped being consumed. As such, in case the patient is not successful of losing the modest sum of weight it is advisable to stop the medication. In the present times, pharmacological treatments are being considered as adjunctive therapy in overweight and obese patients (Yanovski Yanovski, 2014). Phentermine is an amphetamine derivative that is approved by the concerned organisation for achieving short-term weight loss. The agents act by stimulating the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, causing the repression of appetite . Despite a growing enthusiasm from patients towards pharmacological treatments for obesity, only a handful of drugs has been approved for administration. These list of drugs include Saxenda, Xenical and Duromine. These drugs are the main options to loose weight that mainly acts by preventing the body from maximum absorption of fat or suppression of appetite. Benefits in blood pressure and glycemic control have also been established. There may be however some side effects of the medications that are to be taken care of, including fluctuations of weight. Best alternatives are to be strongly considered wherever needed (Nathan Gorman, 2015). As opined by Apovian et al., (2015) nurses have a key role in providing obese patients with the best-suited diagnostics and treatment options. Initiating and engaging a conversation with the patient suffering from obesity for considering the diagnostics and treatment may be challenging for nurses as patients are often victims of stigma and discrimination in the society. Patients with obesity find it difficult to engage in an open conversation for discussing the medical needs and the emotional support needed for adhering to the mediation regime. It is the responsibility of the nurses to motivate the patients in a positive direction to achieve better patient outcomes through inspiration and encouragement. The nurses need to minimise the discomfort of the patients in accessing the suitable treatment options for reducing obesity. It is crucial to explain to the patients the importance of adequate treatment of obesity while being highly sensitive to the readiness of the patient to bring a bout the change (George et al., 2015). Conclusion Obesity is one of the most severe conditions of the human body that leads to poor psychological and medical health as well as premature death. Alarmingly, the rate of obese individuals is rising rapidly. The associated diseases of obesity lead to a considerable amount of healthcare costs. In a quest for treating obesity researchers have given emphasis on the relationship between obesity and gastrointestinal health. Obesity has the potential to impact the gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology to a considerable extent. Physicians and nurses are on the front line for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with gastrointestinal disorders presented with obesity. Nurses are positioned uniquely to care for patients suffering from obesity and provide with primary care options and sufficient patient education. A number of diagnostics and pharmacological treatment options have emerged that can clinically manage obese patients. It is the responsibility of the nurses to be acquainted with the most effective treatment options and the potential risks, indications, complications and benefits of the treatment options. The overall goal of nursing care for the patients suffering from obesity would be to bring about healthy changes in daily practice in order to curb the negative impact of obesity on gastrointestinal health. References Acosta, A., Camilleri, M. (2014). Gastrointestinal morbidity in obesity.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1311(1), 42-56. Alemn, J. O., Eusebi, L. H., Ricciardiello, L., Patidar, K., Sanyal, A. J., Holt, P. R. (2014). Mechanisms of obesity-induced gastrointestinal neoplasia.Gastroenterology,146(2), 357-373. Apovian, C. M., Aronne, L. J., Bessesen, D. H., McDonnell, M. E., Murad, M. H., Pagotto, U., ... Still, C. D. (2015). Pharmacological management of obesity: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,100(2), 342-362. Ashburn, D. D., Reed, M. J. (2010). Gastrointestinal system and obesity.Critical care clinics,26(4), 625-627. Bray, G. A., Bouchard, C. (Eds.). (2014).Handbook of obesity: clinical applications. CRC Press. Donohoe, C. L., OFarrell, N. J., Doyle, S. L., Reynolds, J. V. (2014). The role of obesity in gastrointestinal cancer: evidence and opinion.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology,7(1), 38-50. George, M., Rajaram, M., Shanmugam, E. (2014). New and emerging drug molecules against obesity.Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics,19(1), 65-76. Hurt, R. T., Kulisek, C., Buchanan, L. A., McClave, S. A. (2010). The obesity epidemic: challenges, health initiatives, and implications for gastroenterologists.Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY),6(12), 780-92. Huseini, M., Wood, G. C., Seiler, J., Argyropoulos, G., Irving, B. A., Gerhard, G. S., ... Rolston, D. D. (2014). Gastrointestinal symptoms in morbid obesity.Frontiers in medicine,1. Johnson, D. A. (2010).Gastroenterologic Issues in the Obese Patient, An Issue of Gastroenterology Clinics(Vol. 39, No. 1). Elsevier Health Sciences. Mushref, M. A., Srinivasan, S. (2012). Effect of high fat-diet and obesity on gastrointestinal motility.Annals of translational medicine,1(2). Nathan, P. E., Gorman, J. M. (Eds.). (2015).A guide to treatments that work. Oxford University Press. Ng, M., Fleming, T., Robinson, M., Thomson, B., Graetz, N., Margono, C., ... Abraham, J. P. (2014). Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 19802013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.The Lancet,384(9945), 766-781. Phatak, U. P., Phadke, M. Y., Pashankar, D. S. (2016). Obesity and gastrointestinal disorders in children. InObesity(pp. 149-157). Springer International Publishing. Rajindrajith, S., Devanarayana, N. M., Benninga, M. A. (2014). Obesity and Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children:(Int J Obes [Lond] Published Online First: 2 May 2014. doi: 10.1038/ijo. 2014.67).Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility,20(3), 414. Yanovski, S. Z., Yanovski, J. A. (2014). Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review.Jama,311(1), 74-86.

Student Athletes Essay Example For Students

Student Athletes Essay Athletes Should Get PaidAs you sit at the stadium or in your home and watch college football, basketball, or even baseball, do you ever wonder where the money goes from all the ticket sales? Colleges make a lot of money from their athletics. I feel that the profit that is made should partly go back to the student athlete. College athletes should be paid for their participation in sports, since sports make a lot of money for the college. A student athletes schedule is very hectic. There are many activities that have to be attended daily. A student athlete is expected to go to class every day, and later in, the day they are expected to meet at practice, no matter what the sport. After practice, the student athlete must eat dinner. Then, the person has to go home to their dorm to do homework, which can last for hours. There is very little time during the day, to allow the student athlete to get a job. Most of the time coaches will not allow the students to work, due to schedule conflict, and it is also hard on the students studies. If the coach doesnt allow a job and there is no time for one, where does the student get money? Student finances are very limited. We will write a custom essay on Student Athletes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Most of the money that students have is from parents or student loans. Students need money for food, gas and laundry. If a student eats three meals a day, it would usually cost then about fifteen dollars. For a five-day week it would be around seventy-five dollars. Usually, the student athletes do not travel much, so gas expenses would be minimal. However there are those occasional trips home to see family. The student also needs money for laundry. Laundry runs around five or six dollars per week. Years ago, student athletes at colleges and universities were given laundry money, which was twenty-five to thirty dollars a week. The money could be spent freely. It was like an allowance that your parents would give you every week. I feel that this little support would at least help the student when money is hard to come by at home. With the financial help of the college, a student athlete would only have to supply around fifty dollars per week instead of seventy- or eighty-fiveA student would have less financial troubles if they were compensated for athletics. If athletes were paid, they could have a better start out of college. For instance, if the student athlete has to get a loan during college because he or she has no money for necessities, that student athlete has started to dig a financial hole. That hole will be a burden to the student athlete when her or she graduates from college. Also, the student athletes parents will not be financially troubled when the student graduates from college. It would make it easier on student athletes and their parents mentally and physically if student athletes were paid. Mentally, the parents would not have to worry about paying the bills when tuition is due. Physically, the parents and students would not have to break their back to work overtime, or to have a job while in school, and play athletics as well. I feel that student athletes have a lot to worry about. One is their grades; two is their performance in games. I feel the last thing a student athlete should worry about is how they are going to make money to pay for necessities, since the student plays a sport that makes money for the college. Student athletes should be compensated for their participation in athletics while attending college.